Naming Controversies in Early Astronomy

                                                          Nick Kanas, M.D.

            In the history of astronomy, there have been a number of instances where the naming of an object was made with great difficulty and resulted in controversy.  These astronomical naming controversies can be categorized into four types: classification, theoretical, political, and religious.  They have involved the Moon, the planets, the constellations, and the nebulae:

Lunar Naming Controversies: Hevelius vs Riccioli (classification type)

Planetary Naming Controversies:

            Schiaparelli’s canals (theoretical type)

            Naming of Uranus (political type)

            Naming of Neptune (political type)

Constellation Naming Controversies:

            Noctua the Owl (classification type)

            Honores Friederici (political type)

            Schiller’s Christianized heavens (religious type)

Nebular Naming Controversies: What are nebula? (theoretical type)

            Specific examples will be illustrated from photographs, prints, and books from my collection of antiquarian celestial maps and books.